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 A manual on control of Gasstoenteritis with special reference to Andhra Pradesh, India.  

Contents

I. Gastroenteritis as an indicator of our social and economic  development. Insights about the problem of gastroenteritis

Page 1

  
II. Epidemiology of gastroenteritis

4

   A.  Definitions 4
   B.  Epidemiological charecteristics of GE 5
   C.  Pathogens causing GE 6
   D. Host factors that increase susceptability to diarrhoea
   E.  Epidemiology of gastrenteritis in Andhra Pradesh 9
      
III. What can individuals, families and households do to eliminate the disease burden of gastroenteritis?

16

   A.  Proper use of water for hygiene and drinking 16
   B. Hand washing 17
   C.  Healthy cooking and eating practices to minimise risk of
         diarrhoea or dysentery in the family
17
   D.  Use of latrines  18
   E.  Breast feeding  18
   F.  Improved weaning practices  19
   G.  Safe disposal of stools of young children  20
   H.  Measels immunisation  20
   I. Home treatment of a child suffering from diarrhoea

20

   J. Citizen action for good water supply and sewerage systems

21

  
IV. Community health workers manual for management of gastroenteritis 

22

   A.  How to recognise GE? 22
   B. How to distinguish diarrhoea and dysentery? 22
   C.  Treatment of GE 22
   D.  Preparation of GAS solution 24
   E.  What a health worker should do when packets of GAS are not
         available.
24
   F.  Antibiotic treatment for dysentery 26
   G.  When to refer a case to doctor/ hospital 26
   H.  Informing public health authorities about GE outbreak 28
   I. Prevention of diarrhoea

28

   J. What health workers can do to support preventive measures

29

  
V. Prevention, Control and Management of gastroenteritis Role of the Primary Health Centre and the Municipal Health Office

31

   A.  Surveillance of drinking water quality 31
   B. Surveillance of food quality 34
   C.  Promoting usage of latrines and development of sewerage
         systems
35
   D.  Early detection of impeding GE outbreak 35
   E.  Medical preparedness for GE 36
   F.  Notification of GE outbreak 38
   G.  Training and support to health workers 39
   H.  Information, education and communication with the community
         and handling of the news media
39
   I. Role of vaccination in control of GE

40

  
VI. Epidemiological investigation of gastroenteritis outbreaks

43

   A. Purpose of assessment 44
   B. Conducting the assessment 44
   C. Confirming an outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease 44
   D. Defining the area of the epidemic and the population involved in
        risk
.
46
   E.  Parallel control measures 47
   F.  Collecting information on a representative sample of cases 47
   G.  Assessing the impact on health 48
   H.  Case studies of GE outbreaks 48
  
VII. Water and food quality testing and public health laboratory facilities in Andhra Pradesh

52

   A. Tests for water quality 52
   B. Tests for food quality 59
   C. Public health laboratory facilities in the state 61
   D. Panchayat raj water quality monitoring labs 63
   E.  Private water testing facilities in Hyderabad. 64
   F. Food testing laboratories in the state 65
 
VIII. Food hygiene: Caterers and food handlers manual

66

   A.  Hygeine of the food preparation premises 66
   B.  Hygienic food handling 68
   C.  Personal hygiene of food handlers 69
 
IX. Recommendations of the expert committee on communicable diseases- Govt. of AP

70

References

71

Appendix 

74

Index

87

                                                                                                            

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